Optical and electrical losses: All efforts to improve battery efficiency at this stage are focused on reducing optical and electrical losses

Stock band loss: The band gap of silicon Eg=1.12eV, which matches the light passing through with optical wavelengths over 1.1μm

Unnecessary kinetic energy loss: The photon energy of light wavelength below 1.1μm exceeds Eg, and one photon beauty causes only one electronic device, and unnecessary kinetic energy warming
Reflection loss: silicon surface reflectance 35%, diode discrete system loss, compound loss, loop resistance loss

1. Methods to reduce optical loss
The BASIC THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY OF LIGHT trapping (reducing the reflection loss of light), the best anti-reflection surface area construction technology, the best front surface anti-reflection coating technology, the best back surface reflective coating, the least gate line blocking the total area

2. Methods to reduce electrical losses
Extreme molecular structure (high purity, zero defect), ideal p-n junction technology Ideal passivation treatment technology, minimum loop resistance: SE technology, large parallel resistance, best small forbidden zone and back field